39 research outputs found
Optimization Methods for Designing Sequences with Low Autocorrelation Sidelobes
Unimodular sequences with low autocorrelations are desired in many
applications, especially in the area of radar and code-division multiple access
(CDMA). In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to design unimodular
sequences with low integrated sidelobe level (ISL), which is a widely used
measure of the goodness of a sequence's correlation property. The algorithm
falls into the general framework of majorization-minimization (MM) algorithms
and thus shares the monotonic property of such algorithms. In addition, the
algorithm can be implemented via fast Fourier transform (FFT) operations and
thus is computationally efficient. Furthermore, after some modifications the
algorithm can be adapted to incorporate spectral constraints, which makes the
design more flexible. Numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithms
outperform existing algorithms in terms of both the quality of designed
sequences and the computational complexity
The Application of Downhole Vibration Factor in Drilling Tool Reliability Big Data Analytics - A Review
In the challenging downhole environment, drilling tools are normally subject to high temperature, severe vibration, and other harsh operation conditions. The drilling activities generate massive field data, namely field reliability big data (FRBD), which includes downhole operation, environment, failure, degradation, and dynamic data. Field reliability big data has large size, high variety, and extreme complexity. FRBD presents abundant opportunities and great challenges for drilling tool reliability analytics. Consequently, as one of the key factors to affect drilling tool reliability, the downhole vibration factor plays an essential role in the reliability analytics based on FRBD. This paper reviews the important parameters of downhole drilling operations, examines the mode, physical and reliability impact of downhole vibration, and presents the features of reliability big data analytics. Specifically, this paper explores the application of vibration factor in reliability big data analytics covering tool lifetime/failure prediction, prognostics/diagnostics, condition monitoring (CM), and maintenance planning and optimization. Furthermore, the authors highlight the future research about how to better apply the downhole vibration factor in reliability big data analytics to further improve tool reliability and optimize maintenance planning
DualMix: Unleashing the Potential of Data Augmentation for Online Class-Incremental Learning
Online Class-Incremental (OCI) learning has sparked new approaches to expand
the previously trained model knowledge from sequentially arriving data streams
with new classes. Unfortunately, OCI learning can suffer from catastrophic
forgetting (CF) as the decision boundaries for old classes can become
inaccurate when perturbated by new ones. Existing literature have applied the
data augmentation (DA) to alleviate the model forgetting, while the role of DA
in OCI has not been well understood so far. In this paper, we theoretically
show that augmented samples with lower correlation to the original data are
more effective in preventing forgetting. However, aggressive augmentation may
also reduce the consistency between data and corresponding labels, which
motivates us to exploit proper DA to boost the OCI performance and prevent the
CF problem. We propose the Enhanced Mixup (EnMix) method that mixes the
augmented samples and their labels simultaneously, which is shown to enhance
the sample diversity while maintaining strong consistency with corresponding
labels. Further, to solve the class imbalance problem, we design an Adaptive
Mixup (AdpMix) method to calibrate the decision boundaries by mixing samples
from both old and new classes and dynamically adjusting the label mixing ratio.
Our approach is demonstrated to be effective on several benchmark datasets
through extensive experiments, and it is shown to be compatible with other
replay-based techniques.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures and 3 table
On Knowledge Editing in Federated Learning: Perspectives, Challenges, and Future Directions
As Federated Learning (FL) has gained increasing attention, it has become
widely acknowledged that straightforwardly applying stochastic gradient descent
(SGD) on the overall framework when learning over a sequence of tasks results
in the phenomenon known as ``catastrophic forgetting''. Consequently, much FL
research has centered on devising federated increasing learning methods to
alleviate forgetting while augmenting knowledge. On the other hand, forgetting
is not always detrimental. The selective amnesia, also known as federated
unlearning, which entails the elimination of specific knowledge, can address
privacy concerns and create additional ``space'' for acquiring new knowledge.
However, there is a scarcity of extensive surveys that encompass recent
advancements and provide a thorough examination of this issue. In this
manuscript, we present an extensive survey on the topic of knowledge editing
(augmentation/removal) in Federated Learning, with the goal of summarizing the
state-of-the-art research and expanding the perspective for various domains.
Initially, we introduce an integrated paradigm, referred to as Federated
Editable Learning (FEL), by reevaluating the entire lifecycle of FL. Secondly,
we provide a comprehensive overview of existing methods, evaluate their
position within the proposed paradigm, and emphasize the current challenges
they face. Lastly, we explore potential avenues for future research and
identify unresolved issues.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, 2 tabel
Expression of the phosphorylated MEK5 protein is associated with TNM staging of colorectal cancer
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Activation of MEK5 in many cancers is associated with carcinogenesis through aberrant cell proliferation. In this study, we determined the level of phosphorylated MEK5 (pMEK5) expression in human colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and correlated it with clinicopathologic data.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>pMEK5 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray (TMA) containing 335 clinicopathologic characterized CRC cases and 80 cases of nontumor colorectal tissues. pMEK5 expression of 19 cases of primary CRC lesions and paired with normal mucosa was examined by Western blotting. The relationship between pMEK5 expression in CRC and clinicopathologic parameters, and the association of pMEK5 expression with CRC survival were analyzed respectively.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>pMEK5 expression was significantly higher in CRC tissues (185 out of 335, 55.2%) than in normal tissues (6 out of 80, 7.5%; <it>P </it>< 0.001). Western blotting demonstrated that pMEK5 expression was upregulated in 12 of 19 CRC tissues (62.1%) compared to the corresponding adjacent nontumor colorectal tissues. Overexpression of pMEK5 in CRC tissues was significantly correlated to the depth of invasion (<it>P </it>= 0.001), lymph node metastasis (<it>P </it>< 0.001), distant metastasis (<it>P </it>< 0.001) and high preoperative CEA level (<it>P </it>< 0.001). Consistently, the pMEK5 level in CRC tissues was increased following stage progression of the disease (<it>P </it>< 0.001). Analysis of the survival curves showed a significantly worse 5-year disease-free (<it>P </it>= 0.002) and 5-year overall survival rate (<it>P </it>< 0.001) for patients whose tumors overexpressed pMEK5. However, in multivariate analysis, pMEK5 was not an independent prognostic factor for CRC (DFS: <it>P </it>= 0.139; OS: <it>P </it>= 0.071).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>pMEK5 expression is correlated with the staging of CRC and its expression might be helpful to the TNM staging system of CRC.</p
Stability analysis of spatially interconnected systems with signal saturation
The robust stability problem of spatially interconnected systems with signal saturation among the many composed subsystems is considered. The system structure is usually sparse, and each subsystem has different dynamics. Firstly, a robust stability condition is established based on integral quadratic constraint (IQC) theory, which makes full use of the sparseness of the subsystem connection topology. Secondly, a decoupling robust condition that only depends on the subsystem parameters is proved. Finally, it is shown through numerical simulations that the obtained conditions are computationally valid in analyzing spatially interconnected systems with signal saturation constraints among the subsystems